Basic Education Research Articles

초등학교 저학년 신체활동교육에 관한 담임교사의 경험과 시사점

Objectives This study explored the reality of physical activity education in the lower grades through the experi-ences of elementary school teachers and made suggestions for strengthening and revitalizing physical activity ed-ucation in the lower grades. Methods Four lower elementary school classroom teachers interested in and experienced in physical activity edu-cation were selected as participants in the study, and data were collected through in-dept interviews and analysis of literature and documents. The collected data were analyzed through Yin’s five-step analytical cycle, and the an-alyzed data were subjected to triangulation, participant verification, and peer review to enhance the validity of the study. Results In “Students Growing Up Physically Active,” teachers believed that lower elementary students love to be physically active and that diverse and active physical education can help them adjust to school life and grow physi-cally, mentally, and emotionally. However, in “Teachers who are overwhelmed by physical activity,” teachers felt burdened and challenged to teach physical activity due to a variety of factors. In “Teaching Physical Activity Necessary,” there was a lack of physical activity in the lower elementary curriculum and a lack of physical activity education in schools. Conclusions In order to strengthen and revitalize physical activity education in the lower grades of elementary school, we suggested strengthening the importance of basic movement competency education in the lower grades, implementing systematic physical education in the lower grades, improving awareness of physical activity education in the lower grades, and improving the educational environment.

Midday Meal Programs in Institutional and Community Schools of Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of Students’ Meal Choices

Midday meals play a crucial role in satisfying and motivating students during teaching-learning activities, ensuring that they receive their basic education rights. As food and nutrition are fundamental for every living being, and since students spend a significant portion of their day in school, they require snacks to sustain their energy levels. The study aimed to recognize modalities related to parents' education and evaluate school physical facilities associated with midday meals in institutional and community schools. The research, conducted with the participation of school principals and fifth-grade students, revealed significant disparities in providing midday meals and the quality of school facilities. The study employed an explanatory sequential design. Ten headteachers and 240 students were the samples for this research. The interview schedule and observing rating scale were used as data collection tools. The study explored how parents' education levels influence their choices regarding where to enroll their children. It also discovered that parents with lower qualifications prefer community schools, while those with graduate qualifications lean towards institutional schools. Additionally, snack consumption habits differ between institutional and community schools, reflecting potential socio-economic influences. It was found that over half of students in institutional schools brought homemade lunches, while community schools offered meals in canteens. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance school facilities, particularly addressing identified shortcomings to ensure the well-being and safety of students participating in the midday meal program.

Analysis on the Equity Between Private Schools and Public Schools in China: An Equity-Focused Educator Interview

In recent years, the emergence of private schools in China has caused a series of problems related to educational equity. Against this background, the author had an interview with Principal Chen, a famous educator in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. He is one of a few principals in Ganzhou who have both teaching and management experience. The interview aims to find what the biggest educational problem is in Principal Chen's educational career. In conclusion, this paper holds that the Chinese government should supervise and standardize the reward and punishment rather than deprive the school of its reward and punishment rights. At the same time, the government should raise the salary of teachers in the basic education stage and guarantee that their salaries are not lower than the income level of local civil servants, thereby making teachers get rid of the pressure of survival and devote themselves better to education. Finally, this paper emphasizes the important role of leadership in promoting educational equity.

School Dropout and Students’ Academic Performance in Public Twelve Years Basic Education Schools of Rwanda

School Dropout and Students’ Academic Performance in Public Twelve Years Basic Education Schools of Rwanda

The Effect of Educational Units According to the Cognitive Training Strategy on Cognitive Flexibility and Learning the Skill of Scoring in Football

The first chapter contained the introduction and importance of the research, as the importance of using the cognitive training strategy according to cognitive flexibility was addressed for learning football for first-stage students. The research aims to address whether educational units developed by the researchers positively influence learning outcomes in football scoring. The objectives of the research were to prepare educational units using a cognitive training strategy according to cognitive flexibility in learning the skill of scoring in football. Where the research areas were: The human field: first-year students in the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al- Mustansiriya University, the time field: for the period from 10/12/2022 until 2/ 10/2023. As for the research community, it was represented by the students of the first stage in the College of Basic Education/Al- Mustansiriya University (70) students. The sample consisted of two equal groups (10), experimental and control. The Vina system was used using a three-dimensional test to determine cognitive flexibility. The researcher conducted pre-tests for the research sample, then the main experiment was applied for a period of 10 weeks, one educational unit per week, after which the researcher conducted the post-tests and the pre-tests with the same procedures, which indicated that there were significant differences between the two research groups and in favor of the experimental group. The conclusions were that there was a positive impact of the educational units used in the research to learn skills, as the researcher recommended using a cognitive training strategy according to cognitive flexibility in learning other skills.

A Comparative Analysis of English Language Education in Nepalese and Finnish Basic Education Curricula

This article explored the objectives, contents, and pedagogical approaches in English language education examining the Finnish and Nepalese basic education curricula. The study aimed to reveal the similarities and differences between two countries’ English language curricula and to find out why a big difference occurs between Finland’s and Nepal’s English proficiency levels. Data were collected from Finland’s and Nepal’s English language curricula for basic education and the official documents such as acts, decrees, and laws on basic education were also examined to support the data from the curricula. Data were analyzed with the method of thematic document analysis. Overall, the results of the comparative study indicate that both Finland and Nepal aim to increase linguistic and cultural awareness and teach English language for communicative competence. Both countries also would like to encourage pupils to track their English language learning. On the other hand, while the Finnish curriculum offers general guidelines for the instruction of the English language giving flexibility and autonomy to schools, the Nepalese curriculum prevents schools from preparing a flexible plan for English language teaching according to the needs of pupils by offering specific content and testing techniques. The findings reveal that the Finnish curriculum presents guidelines for teachers, students, and local education providers on how to reach educational goals rather than giving specific content for the subjects giving flexibility and autonomy to schools. On the other hand, the Nepalese curriculum provides specific instructions and suggestions for the application of English language teaching with detailed content containing units for each grade and even suggested testing techniques for teachers.

The Impact of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in enhancing Psychological Resilience among basic education teachers in Oman: Longitudinal Study

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy counseling program in enhancing the psychological resilience of basic education teachers in the Dhofar Region, south of the Sultanate of Oman. The experimental study sample consisted of (60) male teachers in cycle two of basic education in Dhofar Governorate with low psychological resilience scores. This sample was randomly divided into two equivalence groups: one experimental group and the other control group. Each group consisted of (30) male teachers. The counseling program was applied for the male teachers in the experimental group rather than the control group to develop psychological resilience with them. The researchers have used the psychological resilience scale (prepared by the researchers) and a counseling program based on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (prepared by the researchers). The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group in the post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both the pre-test and post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the post-test. This revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing the level of psychological resilience among male teachers as the scores of teachers rose significantly on the pre-test. In addition, the study has also concluded with finding non-statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both pre-test and follow-up tests on the psychological resilience scale. The results emphasise continuing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy's effectiveness in increasing psychological resilience among male teachers. In the light of the results, it can be recommended by: Organizing workshops and open discussion forums between teachers, as this approach will significantly motivate social relations, reinforce confidence among teachers, and enhance occupational performance.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Animasi Kelas IV (Fase B) Pada Materi Metamorfosis

Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) is an important part of the basic education curriculum. In grade IV, one of the topics taught is metamorphosis. However, conventional learning that is only used to rely on textbooks and teacher lectures can be less varied so that it is less attractive to students. Because of that, in this research, the goal is to develop learning media based on video animation for science learning in class IV (Phase B) on metamorphosis material. This course research utilizes research development (R&D) methods adapted from the Borg and Gall model. Sources of data in this study were interviews, expert validation, and student responses as well as documentation during the use of animated video-based learning media. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the development of animated video-based science learning media has gone through 7 research steps, namely preliminary studies and data collection, planning, initial product development, initial product trials, initial product revisions, field trials, and final product revisions. The feasibility level of the learning media developed is "Very Good" in terms of material and design aspects with an average value of 4.00 and 3.86. As well as the results of the "Very Good" product trial with an average value of 3.79. The development of animated video-based media using the Borg and Gall method can be an effective alternative in learning Science Class IV (Phase B) on metamorphosis material. This media can be a more interesting learning facility in class.

Agile Management Practices and Project Performance in Rwandan Schools: A Case of Rwanda Quality Basic Education for Human Capital Development Project

Agile Management Practices and Project Performance in Rwandan Schools: A Case of Rwanda Quality Basic Education for Human Capital Development Project

Parental involvement in public school programs and activities in Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education – Sulu: Teacher’s perspective

This study is descriptive-exploratory research determining the extent of parental involvement in public school programs and activities as perceived by teachers at Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education, Sulu. Employing weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r test of correlation. The following are the findings of this study: 1) Out of 100 teacher-respondents, the great majority are within 31 years old and above age brackets, are female, and most have 6–10 years of service and a bachelor’s degree. All the sub-categories subsumed under the extent of parental involvement in public school programs and activities, as perceived by teachers at Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education—Sulu, are all rated as “highest extent,” with a total weighted mean score of 4.67, 4.61, 4.59, and 4.52 with a standard deviation of .15786,.20728,.19589, and .28588, respectively, by the teacher-respondents at Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education—Sulu. 3) Generally, there is no significant difference in the extent of parental involvement in public school programs and activities, as perceived by teachers at Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education—Sulu, when data are grouped according to their demographic profile. 4) Generally, the sub-categories subsuming the extent of parental involvement in public school programs and activities, as perceived by teachers at Omar District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education—Sulu, are moderately correlated, which means there is but not strong interdependency among the subcategories subsumed.

Gamification to Improve Writing Skills in Students of 9th Basic Education

Gamification to Improve Writing Skills in Students of 9th Basic Education

Implementasi Teori Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara: Tinjauan Praktik Pembelajaran dan Dampaknya pada Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Dasar

This study aims to investigate the implementation of Ki Hajar Dewantara education theory at the basic education level, especially at SD Negeri Ngudirejo 1, Jombang District, focusing on learning practices and their impact on improving the quality of basic education. Ki Hajar Dewantara, as an Indonesian education figure, is known for his contribution to the development of holistic and humanist education. This study uses a qualitative approach with classroom observation methods, interviews with teachers, and document analysis to collect data on learning practices related to the theory of Ki Hajar Dewantara. The results showed the implementation of various aspects of Ki Hajar Dewantara theory in learning practice at SD Negeri Ngudirejo 1. Teachers adopt principles such as freedom of learning, stage play is stage learning, and empowerment of learners. In addition, this study reveals the positive impact of the implementation of the Ki Hajar Dewantara theory on improving the quality of basic education, both in terms of learning outcomes and character development of students. The application of Ki Hajar Dewantara theory in learning practice at SD Negeri Ngudirejo 1 has a positive impact in forming students who are more independent, creative, and have strong character. These findings contribute to the understanding of educational practices in accordance with the principles of Ki Hajar Dewantara and reinforce the urgency of applying the theory in improving the quality of basic education in Indonesia. The implications of this research can also be the basis for the development of education policies that are more oriented towards holistic and humanist approaches advocated by Ki Hajar Dewantara.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCE FOR STUDENT YOUTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The article deals with the main focus of education of student youth in modern conditions. The study and analysis of the fundamental methodological works of well-known Ukrainian and foreign researchers allows us to identify the problematic field of the approach to upbringing in education, which is one of the components of a personality-oriented approach to teaching students and takes into account their individual characteristics. The process of education at university should ensure that prospective specialists acquire both professional competencies and meta-competencies, which include the ability to independently acquire knowledge, analyze, comprehend and generalize it, and transform it into a different «plane of vision». Socio-economic transformations in Ukraine necessitate reforming all sectors of education, which poses new challenges for higher teacher education to improve the effectiveness of theoretical training of perspective teachers as the basis of their professional competence. Among the priority areas of higher education reform are the following: updating the content, forms, and methods of basic teacher education; introducing effective pedagogical technologies; and creating a new system of methodological and information support for higher education. The development and deepening of the theory of pedagogical knowledge is of particular importance for raising the scientific level of perspective teachers’ pedagogical training and its impact on school practice. Modernity requires the education of a person who can make decisions autonomously and independently. The current level of development of society and science requires an in-depth analysis of the problem from the standpoint of the activity of the subject of life itself.

Cyberbullying among secondary school students: Analyzing prediction and relationship with background, social status, and ICT use

This study explored the predictions of and relationships between background, social status, and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in cyberbullying among 2430 secondary school students from schools affiliated with Thailand's Office of the Basic Education Commission. The stratified sampling method was used along with the Cyberbullying Questionnaire, Sociometric Status Questionnaire, Perceived Popularity Questionnaire, and ICT Use Questionnaire and data were collected through the CU Smart Sociometry web application and Google Forms. Data analysis was conducted to determine 1) demographic data using descriptive statistics; 2) correlation analysis of students' backgrounds, sociometric status, and ICT use against cyberbullying using the chi-square test; and 3) variables that predict cyberbullying among secondary school students using multinomial logistic regression. Results showed a link between cyberbullying and secondary school students' backgrounds, social status, and ICT use. Students with different backgrounds (sex and academic performance), social statuses (social preference and perceived popularity), and ICT use partook in different cyberbullying roles. Independent variables of sex, academic performance, social preference, perceived popularity, and ICT use all predicted cyberbullying by 33.3 % with statistical significance. Male students were noted to have a higher likelihood of being cyberbullies than female students, whereas female students were more likely to be cybervictims and bystanders. Moreover, students with low academic performance were more likely to be cyberbullies and cybervictims than high-performing students, with rejected students having the highest likelihood of being cyberbullies. Interestingly, the higher a student's popularity, the higher was their likelihood of being cyberbullies. Finally, cyberbullies had the highest average daily internet use, and students who had never had their guardians monitor their internet usage were more likely to be cyberbullies; students with moderate and good social media behavior were mostly bystanders.

Evaluation of health literacy for cervical cancer and associated factors among Moroccan nursing and health technician students: an Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectivesAssessing the level of health literacy among nursing and healthcare technician students at the Higher Institute of Nursing and Technical Health in Agadir, Morocco, regarding cervical cancer, and identifying associated factors. Materials and methodsThis is an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted among nursing and health technician students in the 2nd and 3rd years. A self-administered health literacy assessment test was employed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with health literacy level. ResultsThree hundred students were surveyed in the study. The average health literacy score was 17.1 ± 6.32, with a median score of 18 (IQR 13.50-22). Approximately one-third (30%) had a low level of health literacy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the non-healthcare profile (OR 4.458; CI95%: 2.327-8.545; p<0.001) was a risk factor for a low level of health literacy. Conversely, benefit from health education sessions on cervical cancer (Yes OR 0.476; CI95%: 0.248-0.918; p=0.027), academic courses as an information source (Yes OR 0.515; CI95%: 0.274-0.968; p=0.039), and the Web as an information source (Yes OR 0.564; CI95%: 0.323-0.985; p=0.044) were identified as protective factors. Discussion and conclusionsThe notably deficient level of health literacy regarding cervical cancer underscores the relevance of integrating a module on cervical cancer prevention into the basic education curriculum. Furthermore, it is imperative to enhance health education and awareness strategies regarding cervical cancer prevention, particularly for non-healthcare profile students. This should include targeting alternative channels such as the web and social media platforms.

학교교육 기반 학습장애 및 위험군 학생을 위한 협력적 교육지원 방안 연구

In 2023, the number of students with learning disabilities in Korea showed the lowest percentage among all students with special needs. In this regard, educational researchers and practitioners continue to voice concerns about the professionalism in screening and diagnosing learning disabilities, which is currently depriving early detection and opportunities for educational support of students with or at-risk learning disabilities. Therefore, this study aims to explore collaborative educational support for students with or at-risk learning disabilities in school-based education. A SWOT analysis of the literature and a survey for validation and implementation were conducted among academic, administrative, and field experts in learning disabilities. The results were as follows. First, for the in-class level, professional training for collaborative teaching and increasing the number of teachers were mentioned in the ’co-teaching system’, ‘leading inclusive school’, and 'basic education teachers and supplementary teacher' sections. Second, the need to enhance the expertise of teachers in ’supplementary education’ at the in-school level and the need for individual training about students with or at-risk learning disabilities in ‘parent education’ were mentioned. Third, expanding the expertise of learning coaching teams and learning counselors was mentioned for out-of-school ‘learning clinics’. Fourth, at the system level, it was suggested to improve the identification of students in need of support and the definition of basic education in order to provide appropriate educational support to students with or at-risk learning disabilities. This study has implications in that it explored the current educational support system for students with learning disabilities within the education policy in Korea to overcome the limitations and provide practical support. Furthermore, this study suggested school-based plans for collaborative educational support and a universal educational design.

교육대학원에 재학 중인 유아교사들의 ｢세계시민교육｣ 수업 수강 경험과 인식 탐색

Objectives This study is about how the recognition of early childhood teachers enrolled in the graduate schools of education has changed throughout global citizenship education(GCE) classes and to explore GCE experience in teacher community activities. Methods For this study, ‘A seminar to empowerment early childhood educations’ Global Citizenship Education’ had opened for 15 weeks in the first semester of 2022. This seminar was targeting 24 early childhood teachers who are studying S University graduate school of education, which is in the metropolitan area. All the data had been collected and analyzed by individual student reviews of a group interview, a field trip, a special lecture, and an open questionnaire made by previous students. Results The global citizenship education(GCE) class experience is divided into ‘Start to change from me first’, ‘Recognition of togetherness’, and ‘Reciting diversity and putting oneself in someone else’s shoes. The meaning of GCE has been defined in three sections through this study: essential training for growth and mutual responsibility; basic education, which needs to be taught since infancy; and education for making a better world. Conclusions The global citizenship education targeting early childhood teachers had the meaningful output of improving understanding of GCE and encouraging a global citizen mindset. Therefore, graduate school of education and higher education institutions need to organize a lecture to reinforce global citizenship education for current and future children’s educators. Additionally, there is a need for a support plan from various perspectives so that children’s educators can keep practicing GCE in the education field, such as training teachers and running a teacher community for GCE.

Basic Financial education to obtain a decent retirement

The importance of financial education and its relationship with the population of retirement age, 65 and over, which will increase in the coming years in Mexico, is a reason to study the possible economic scenarios that it will face. The first objective of the exploratory and comparative study is to evaluate the retirement pension of two cases of workers of the Secretariat of Public Security of the State of Veracruz (SSP), breaking down the perceptions received as part of the payroll, emphasizing the perception called salary, since this will be the monthly amount of a retirement pension; and secondly, plan a decent retirement through the financial product called Retirement Fund Administrator (AFORE). It is concluded that opting for an AFORE product has a positive impact on a dignified retirement, hence the importance of financial education to have knowledge and plan and manage money.

Региональные факторы оплаты труда и доходов населения в современной России

This paper evaluates the correlations between wages and household income in the regions of Russia with indicators characterizing capital, human capital and new technologies in the regional economy according to Rosstat data for 2022 and partially for 2023, and constructs econometric models of the most important connections. The level of wages and incomes of the population of the regions can be positively influenced by the capital-labor ratio, the level of education of employed workers and new fixed assets. The capital-labor ratio is the most important factor in the level of wages and income in the regions. The use of labor by workers who have higher education and workers who have secondary vocational education in specialist training programs has a positive impact on the level of wages and incomes of the population of the regions. The use of labor of workers with secondary vocational education under training programs for workers, with secondary general education, basic general education and without education negatively affects the level of wages and income of the population. An increase in population income entails an increase in the level of inequality in income distribution.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATERI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK DI KELAS VI SD: PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI MEMBACA DAN MENYIMAK VIDEO

The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of two learning approaches, namely reading and watching videos, in increasing understanding the concept of electricity generation of sixth grade elementary school students. A comparison of two groups was carried out, namely the experimental group and the control group, each group consisting of 21 students. This comparison is based on their scores before and after the test. These findings show substantial improvement in the experimental group, measured by posttest scores ranging from 44 to 100 and a mean of 75.23. Meanwhile, the control group showed a lower increase, with posttest scores ranging from 28 to 68 and an average of 47.04. Mann-Whitney test analysis strengthened these findings by showing significant differences between the two groups (U= 49.500, Z= -4.399, Asymp. Sig= 0.001), with the experimental group consistently having higher ratings. Wilcoxon test findings in both groups also highlighted a significant improvement at posttest, with no decrease on scores from pretest. Overall, these results provide strong support for the effectiveness of the video listening method in improving student understanding compared to the reading method. This conclusion illustrates the importance of using inventive pedagogical approaches to improve students' academic achievement on science in the context of basic education.